1. Aasheim V, Nilsen ABV, Reinar LM, Lukasse M. Perineal techniques during the second stage of labour for reducing perineal trauma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Jun 13;6(6):CD006672. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006672.pub3. PMID: 28608597; PMCID: PMC6481402. PubMed
2. Abdelhakim AM, Eldesouky E, Elmagd IA, Mohammed A, Farag EA, Mohammed AE, Hamam KM, Hussein AS, Ali AS, Keshta NHA, Hamza M, Samy A, Abdel-Latif AA. Antenatal perineal massage benefits in reducing perineal trauma and postpartum morbidities: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int Urogynecol J. 2020 Sep;31(9):1735-1745. doi: 10.1007/s00192-020-04302-8. Epub 2020 May 12. PMID: 32399905. PubMed
3. Albers LL, Sedler KD, Bedrick EJ, Teaf D, Peralta P. Midwifery care measures in the second stage of labor and reduction of genital tract trauma at birth: a randomized trial. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2005 Sep-Oct;50(5):365-72. doi: 10.1016/j.jmwh.2005.05.012. PMID: 16154062; PMCID: PMC1350988. PubMed
4. Aquino CI, Guida M, Saccone G, Cruz Y, Vitagliano A, Zullo F, Berghella V. Perineal massage during labor: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020 Mar;33(6):1051-1063. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1512574. Epub 2018 Sep 19. PMID: 30107756. PubMed
5. Beckmann MM, Stock OM. Antenatal perineal massage for reducing perineal trauma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Apr 30;(4):CD005123. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005123.pub3. PMID: 23633325. PubMed
6. Bohatá P, Dostálek L. Antepartální možnosti prevence epiziotomie a ruptury hráze při porodu [The possibility of antepartal prevention of episiotomy and perineal tears during delivery]. Ceska Gynekol. 2016 Summer;81(3):192-201. Czech. PMID: 27882762. Zdroj
7. Cao X, Yang Q, Wang Q, Hu S, Hou L, Sun M, Lai H, Wu C, Wu Y, Xiao L, Luo X, Tian J, Ge L, Luo C. PFMT relevant strategies to prevent perineal trauma: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2022 Sep 15. doi: 10.1007/s00404-022-06769-w. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36107230. PubMed
8. Carroli G, Mignini L. Episiotomy for vaginal birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Jan 21;(1):CD000081. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000081.pub2. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Feb 08;2:CD000081. PMID: 19160176; PMCID: PMC4175536. PubMed
9. Demirel G, Golbasi Z. Effect of perineal massage on the rate of episiotomy and perineal tearing. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2015 Nov;131(2):183-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.04.048. Epub 2015 Jul 26. PMID: 26410801.
10. Du Y, Xu L, Ding L, Wang Y, Wang Z. The effect of antenatal pelvic floor muscle training on labor and delivery outcomes: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Int Urogynecol J. 2015 Oct;26(10):1415-27. doi: 10.1007/s00192-015-2654-4. Epub 2015 Feb 25. PMID: 25711728. PubMed
11. Ghulmiyyah L, Sinno S, Mirza F, Finianos E, Nassar AH. Episiotomy: history, present and future - a review. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022 Apr;35(7):1386-1391. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1755647. Epub 2020 Apr 26. PMID: 32338105. PubMed
12. Gomes Lopes L, Maia Dutra Balsells M, Teixeira Moreira Vasconcelos C, Leite de Araújo T, Teixeira Lima FE, de Souza Aquino P. Can pelvic floor muscle training prevent perineal laceration? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2022 May;157(2):248-254. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.13826. Epub 2021 Aug 4. PMID: 34270799. PubMed
13. Kamisan Atan I, Shek KL, Langer S, Guzman Rojas R, Caudwell-Hall J, Daly JO, Dietz HP. Does the Epi-No(®) birth trainer prevent vaginal birth-related pelvic floor trauma? A multicentre prospective randomised controlled trial. BJOG. 2016 May;123(6):995-1003. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.13924. Epub 2016 Feb 29. PMID: 26924418. PubMed
14. Kovacs GT, Heath P, Heather C. First Australian trial of the birth-training device Epi-No: a highly significantly increased chance of an intact perineum. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2004 Aug;44(4):347-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1479-828X.2004.00265.x. PMID: 15282009. PubMed
15. Magoga G, Saccone G, Al-Kouatly HB, Dahlen G H, Thornton C, Akbarzadeh M, Ozcan T, Berghella V. Warm perineal compresses during the second stage of labor for reducing perineal trauma: A meta-analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2019 Sep;240:93-98. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.06.011. Epub 2019 Jun 15. PMID: 31238205. PubMed
16. Phipps W.R., Martini M.C., Lampe J.W., Slavin J.L., Kurzer M.S. Effect of flax seed ingestion on the menstrual cycle. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. **1993; 77:1215–1219. doi: 10.1210/jcem.77.5.8077314. PubMed
17. Shipman MK, Boniface DR, Tefft ME, McCloghry F. Antenatal perineal massage and subsequent perineal outcomes: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1997 Jul;104(7):787-91. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1997.tb12021.x. PMID: 9236642. PubMed
18. Sleep J, Grant A, Garcia J, Elbourne D, Spencer J, Chalmers I. West Berkshire perineal management trial. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1984 Sep 8;289(6445):587-90. doi: 10.1136/bmj.289.6445.587. PMID: 6432201; PMCID: PMC1442865. PubMed
19. Stamp G, Kruzins G, Crowther C. Perineal massage in labour and prevention of perineal trauma: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2001 May 26;322(7297):1277-80. doi: 10.1136/bmj.322.7297.1277. PMID: 11375230; PMCID: PMC31922. PubMed