1. Aghamohammadi-Sereshki A, McMorris CA, Ben Gibbard W, Tortorelli C, Pike GB, Lebel C. Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on neurobehavioural development and volume of rostral cingulate cortex subregions. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2022 Jul 26;47(4):E272-E282. doi: 10.1503/jpn.210198. PMID: 35882478; PMCID: PMC9337872.
2. Alati R, Davey Smith G, Lewis SJ, et al: Effect of prenatal alcohol exposure on childhood academic outcomes: contrasting maternal and paternal associations in the ALSPAC study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74844
3. Astley SJ, Bailey D, Talbot C, Clarren SK. Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) primary prevention through fas diagnosis: II. A comprehensive profile of 80 birth mothers of children with FAS. Alcohol Alcohol. 2000 Sep-Oct;35(5):509-19. doi: 10.1093/alcalc/35.5.509. PMID: 11022026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11022026/
4. Astley, S., & Grant, T. (2012). Another perspective on “The effect of different alcohol drinking patterns in early to mid pregnancy on the child”s intelligence, attention, and executive function’. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 119(13), 1672–1672. doi:10.1111/1471-0528.12008 http://depts.washington.edu/fasdpn/pdfs/astley-grant2012.pdf
5. Burd L, Hofer R. Biomarkers for detection of prenatal alcohol exposure: a critical review of fatty acid ethyl esters in meconium. Birth Defects Research. Part A, Clinical And Molecular Teratology. 2008;82(7):487–493. [PubMed]
6. Dou X, et al. Mitogen-activated protein kinase modulates ethanol inhibition of cell adhesion mediated by the L1 neural cell adhesion molecule. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2013;110:5683–5688. [PMC free article]
7. Flak AL, Su S, Bertrand J, et al: The association of mild, moderate, and binge prenatal alcohol exposure and child neuropsychological outcomes: a meta-analysis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2014; 38:214–226
8. Gage SH, Munafò MR, Davey Smith G: Causal inference in developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) research. Annu Rev Psychol 2016; 67:567–585
9. Halliday JL, Muggli E, Lewis S, et al Alcohol consumption in a general antenatal population and child neurodevelopment at 2 years J Epidemiol Community Health 2017;71:990-998. https://jech.bmj.com/content/71/10/990
10. Henderson J, Gray R, Brocklehurst P. Systematic review of effects of low-moderate prenatal alcohol exposure on pregnancy outcome. BJOG. 2007 Mar;114(3):243-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2006.01163.x. Epub 2007 Jan 12. Erratum in: BJOG. 2007 Jul;114(7):914-5. PMID: 17233797. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17233797/
11. Hur YM, Choi J, Park S, Oh SS, Kim YJ. Prenatal maternal alcohol exposure: diagnosis and prevention of fetal alcohol syndrome. Obstet Gynecol Sci. 2022 Sep;65(5):385-394. doi: 10.5468/ogs.22123. Epub 2022 Jul 29. PMID: 35908651; PMCID: PMC9483667.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35908651/
12. Kelly Y, Iacovou M, Quigley MA, et al: Light drinking versus abstinencein pregnancy: behavioural and cognitive outcomesin 7-yearold children: a longitudinal cohort study. BJOG 2013; 120:1340–1347
13. Kelly Y, Sacker A, Gray R, Kelly J, Wolke D, Quigley MA. Light drinking in pregnancy, a risk for behavioural problems and cognitive deficits at 3 years of age? Int J Epidemiol. 2009 Feb;38(1):129-40. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyn230. Epub 2008 Oct 30. PMID: 18974425. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18974425/
14. Lee YJ, Kim JY, Lee DY, Park KJ, Kim GH, Kim JE, et al. Alcohol consumption before pregnancy causes detrimental fetal development and maternal metabolic disorders. Sci Rep. 2020;10:10054. [PubMed]
15. Lees B, Mewton L, Jacobus J, et al: Association of prenatal alcohol exposure with psychological, behavioral, and neurodevelopmental outcomes in children from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Am J Psychiatry 2020; 177:1060–1072
16. Mamluk L, Edwards HB, Savović J, et al Low alcohol consumption and pregnancy and childhood outcomes: time to change guidelines indicating apparently ‘safe’ levels of alcohol during pregnancy? A systematic review and meta-analysis BMJ Open 2017;7:e015410. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015410 https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/7/7/e015410
17. Mattson SN, Bernes GA, Doyle LR. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: a review of the neurobehavioral deficits associated with prenatal alcohol exposure. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019;43:1046–62. PubMed
18. May PA, Gossage JP. Maternal risk factors for fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: not as simple as it might seem. Alcohol Res Health. 2011;34:15–26. PubMed.
19. McCormack C, Hutchinson D, Burns L, et al: Maternal and partner prenatal alcohol use and infant cognitive development. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 185:330–338